Article Review

Question

Follow the instructions please.

For each Article write a summary of one page. The written summaries should be comprised(but not limited to) the following:

  1. Brief synopsis of the purpose of study, research gap or argument of paper
  2. How it fits with the larger literature, major theory or theories discussed
  3. An explanation of the primary hypotheses/propositions and constructs in the paper
  4. The methods and measurements used in the paper
  5. The assumptions
  6. The boundary conditions
  7. Key findings and what you believe to be the one primary contribution of the study
  8. Your assessment of strengths/weaknesses of the study or arguments (Critical review)
  9. Unanswered questions that may provide fruitful venues for future research

The written summary(s) need to be concise (No more than 2 pages each). Avoid the temptation to write volumes and focus instead on the most important factors at hand.

Answer

Article Review

Contents

Introduction. 2

First Article: Martin & Salomon (2003). 2

Second Article: Sullivan (1994). 4

References. 6

Introduction

First Article: Martin & Salomon (2003)

1. Purpose of the Study and Research Gap

The purpose of this study is to extend research on foreign entry modes by studying the impacts of knowledge tacitness and knowledge transfer capacity. The research was meant to further add on to already existing studies and reconcile theoretical perspectives on entry strategy of firms in international business.

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2. How the Study Fits with the Larger Literature

This research is an enrichment of already existing studies on the deployment of intangible knowledge-based assets when expanding into the international market. The major contribution to theory is on how knowledge tacitness has an effect on entry modes that include exporting, licensing, establishing an alliance, and wholly owned entry.

3. Primary Propositions

This paper is premised on the presumption that international expansion results in the creation of value for firms although tacit knowledge can create major constraints on the manner and extent to which value creation can be used to support corporate expansion.

4. Methods and Measurements

The research utilized document analysis to highlight ways in which the tacit knowledge constraints affect foreign entry modes. The research utilized several scholarly sources that provided information on entry modes and effects of tacit knowledge. The articles were subjected to analysis and the results were used to discuss the entry-mode conditions.

5. Assumptions

It was assumed that knowledge of the effects of tacit knowledge constraints on international trade expansion provides a more complete picture on how knowledge determines entry mode selection.

6. Boundary Conditions

The documents chosen in the study had to be of scholarly nature and had to provide information on knowledge sourcing in international business.

7. Key Findings

The article found out that combined with transfer capacity, knowledge tacitness has an effect in the determination of foreign entry modes. The knowledge was used to reconcile and add onto the major theoretical perspectives regarding entry models.

8. Assessment of Strengths/Weaknesses of the Study

The study offers an intensive document analysis on peer reviewed articles to reveal the effects of knowledge tacitness on knowledge transfer and how it affects entry models into international business. However, the article provides a weak discussion on the costs associated with each entry model.

9. Unanswered Questions for Future Research

  1. What are the costs associated with each entry model?
  2. What are the alternative means that can be used in shielding knowledge?

Second Article: Sullivan (1994)

1. Purpose of the Study and Research Gap

The purpose of the paper is to describe efforts to enhance content validity that involve measuring the degree of internalization of a firm. The research was informed by the limitations of instrumental and positivistic approaches in the measuring of the degree of internalization.

2. How the Study Fits with the Larger Literature

The research provides new information on the measurement of degree of internalization by discussing statistical and conceptual properties of the scales of measuring the degree of internalization. It also proposes ways that can be used to limit measurement errors arising from sample systematic and bias error.

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3. Primary Propositions

The paper is premised on the idea that a company’s sales in a foreign market are a meaningful first-order indicator of its involvement and trajectory in the international market.

4. Methods and Measurements

The paper’s aims were achieved through collection of data on nine attributes of 74 American manufacturing multinational companies. The research utilized alpha, factor, and frequency analyses to establish the reliability of degree of internalization.

5. Assumptions

It was assumed that despite the instrumental and positivistic research in the measurement of the degree of internationalization, the measurements scale does not provide reliable results. The paper therefore analyzed its statistical properties to establish implications for construct and content validity.

6. Boundary Conditions

The selection of multinational companies was restricted to the Forbes list “Most International” 100 American companies specializing in manufacturing. The study extracted 74 companies from this Forbes list, which only comprised on manufacturing firms.

7. Key Findings

The results indicate that degree of internationalization scale (DOI INTS) is a meaningful measure of degree of internationalization of firms.

8. Assessment of Strengths/Weaknesses of the Study

The main strength of the study is that it utilizes various measurement variables to help in the limitation of measurement errors by discussing the conceptual and statistical properties of the scale. Its core weakness is that it did not utilize various researches to establish construct validity.

9. Unanswered Questions

  1. What results are likely to be obtained when many studies are incorporated in place of a single study?
  2. What is the effect of the use of multiple inventory in the construction of validity of degree of internalization?

References

Martin, X., & Salomon, R. (2003). Knowledge transfer capacity and its implications for the theory of the multinational corporation. Journal of International Business Studies34(4), 356-373.

Sullivan, D. (1994). Measuring the degree of internationalization of a firm. Journal of International Business Studies25(2), 325-342.

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